Quotations are not typically copyrighted; rather, the work of which the quotation is a part of is the copyrighted work. It can be difficult to ensure that a quotation receives copyright protection because "fair use" permits excerpts of a copyrighted work to be used for limited scholarly and educational purposes. However, there are several steps authors can take to protect their quotations and, depending on the length of quotation and how it is published, they may be able to enforce their copyrights.
Copyright Basics
Copyright protects intellectual property fixed in tangible form, such as a book, video or painting. Thus, a quote can only be copyrighted if it is fixed in one of these forms. Copyright is automatic for all items published after 1978. You do not need to register the item with the U.S. Copyright Office or put a copyright notice on the item to receive copyright protection. However, to sue for a copyright violation, your item must be registered with the U.S. Copyright Office; you may register the item and sue even after the violation has taken place.
Fair Use Exception
The fair use doctrine poses a major hurdle to the copyright of quotations. Copyrighted items may be excerpted for scholarly and educational purposes. For example, a reviewer may publish a quote from a book in a review. The law provides no specific guidelines about how long a republished quote must be to constitute copyright infringement. If your quotation is a long one, you will have a better chance of enforcing the copyright.
Read More: Fair Use Exceptions to Copyright Law
Registering Copyrights
To copyright your quotation, it must be in a fixed medium, such as a book or video. You may then assert your copyright immediately. You may register copyrights on the U.S. Copyright Office web page by providing information about the copyrighted item and paying a fee.
Trademark Alternative
If the quotation you wish to protect is short and you intend to use it in commerce -- such as for a business motto or similar use -- trademark protection may be a better alternative. Trademarks protect unique marks used in commerce, so incorporating your quotation as a part of your business logo or name may offer it protection from being reused for profit by other businesses. However, others will still be permitted to quote the line.
References
- Intellectual Property: Examples and Explanations; Stephen M. McJohn
- U.S. Copyright Office: Copyright Basics
- Principles of Copyright Law; Roger E. Schechter et al.
Resources
Writer Bio
Brenna Davis is a professional writer who covers parenting, pets, health and legal topics. Her articles have appeared in a variety of newspapers and magazines as well as on websites. She is a court-appointed special advocate and is certified in crisis counseling and child and infant nutrition. She holds degrees in developmental psychology and philosophy from Georgia State University.