Patent rights are so important the founding fathers mentioned them in the U.S. Constitution. This respect for patent rights encourages companies to develop new technologies because the courts may punish those who violate those rights. Such punishment is commensurate with the damages suffered by the owner of the patent.
Patent Rights
When a patent is issued, the inventor obtains specific rights. Namely, he gets the right to exclude others from making and using the invention. The Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, or MPEP, explains that federal law grants this right in exchange for full disclosure about the invention. The right to exclude others from making and using an invention is why patents are so valuable to companies that develop new technology.
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Infringement
Violating the inventor's rights under a patent is called infringement. Infringement commonly takes place when someone sells a product containing elements that were claimed in a patented invention. Courts consider such infringement a serious violation of U.S. law because it can endanger the financial well-being of a company that legitimately sells the patented product.
Possible Resolutions
One common solution to infringement problems is to give the infringing party the right to continue making and using the invention in exchange for a fee. This right is embodied in a license. For example, a company that holds a patent on a special type of computer memory might license that technology to other companies in exchange for a fee.
Legal Costs
Legal action can follow if the patent holder does not want to license its invention. Legal costs can be staggering in an infringement lawsuit in which the technology is part of an important product. The American Intellectual Property Law Association reported that in 2011 the average legal cost of an infringement suit was approximately $5 million if the infringement involved a device that contributed greater than $25 million to a company's revenues.
Penalties
If you infringe a patent with willful disregard for the inventor's rights, courts might impose treble damages, which are triple the damage suffered by the aggrieved party. Legal costs are so exorbitantly high because the penalties faced by the loser are so high. Courts determine willfulness by looking at the total circumstances.
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Writer Bio
Shelly Morgan has been writing and editing for over 25 years for various medical and scientific publications. Although she began her professional career in pharmacological research, Morgan turned to patent law where she specialized in prosecuting patents for medical devices. She also writes about renal disease and hypertension for several nonprofits aimed at educating and supporting kidney patients.